CETSE

Since the attacks of September 2001, the European Union has recognised the importance and significance of collecting and analysing passenger data for the prevention and fight against organised crime and terrorism.

The abolition of internal border controls under the Schengen Convention encouraged the European Union to make it a necessity to check air passengers against police databases and to exchange such information with other Member States.

Therefore, on 27 April 2016, the European Directive 2016/681 on the use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of organised crime and terrorism was adopted and its implementation is mandatory for all Member States. The PNR Directive and its subsequent transposition into Organic Law 1/2020, regulates the transfer of such data to the law enforcement authorities of the Member States, as well as the processing of such data for the purposes of prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution.

Based on the above, the PNR system collects information from airlines operating in national territory - with the exception of domestic flights - and compares their passenger data with police databases, located in the State Secretariat for Security. The main objective is to identify passengers related to terrorism and/or organised crime, and it also has the capacity to share information with other bodies responsible for this area, both at national level and with other Member States, favouring a joint fight at European level.

This system, which responds to the requirements expressed by the Commission, was developed and implemented by the SGSICS through different dossiers for equipment, licensing, customised developments and monitoring.

The results obtained after the implementation of this project are:

• Increased detection of possible terrorist threats.
• Automatic checking of passengers for persons belonging to terrorist groups and/or organised crime.
• Increase in the number of cross-checks with police databases.
• Technological updating, monitoring and control of the system.
• Control and monitoring of system status.

With the following expected impact:

• Reduction of information matching efforts in the face of terrorism and organised crime investigations.
• Increased internal security in the Schengen area.
• To have greater control over the system.

Since the attacks of September 2001, the European Union has recognised the importance and significance of collecting and analysing passenger data for the prevention and fight against organised crime and terrorism.

The abolition of internal border controls under the Schengen Convention encouraged the European Union to make it a necessity to check air passengers against police databases and to exchange such information with other Member States.

Therefore, on 27 April 2016, the European Directive 2016/681 on the use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of organised crime and terrorism was adopted and its implementation is mandatory for all Member States. The PNR Directive and its subsequent transposition into Organic Law 1/2020, regulates the transfer of such data to the law enforcement authorities of the Member States, as well as the processing of such data for the purposes of prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution.

Based on the above, the PNR system collects information from airlines operating in national territory - with the exception of domestic flights - and compares their passenger data with police databases, located in the State Secretariat for Security. The main objective is to identify passengers related to terrorism and/or organised crime, and it also has the capacity to share information with other bodies responsible for this area, both at national level and with other Member States, favouring a joint fight at European level.

This system, which responds to the requirements expressed by the Commission, was developed and implemented by the SGSICS through different dossiers for equipment, licensing, customised developments and monitoring.

The expected results after the implementation of this project are:

• To ensure a high level of security in the Union, in particular by preventing and combating terrorism, radicalization, serious and organized crime and cybercrime.
• To improve and facilitate the exchange of information between the competent authorities and relevant Union bodies and agencies, the NRP being a system that enables coordination and collaboration between the police forces of the different Member States.
• Supporting the strengthening of Member States' capacities in relation to the prevention and fight against crime, terrorism and radicalization, as well as the management of security-related incidents, risks and crises.
• Strengthening the system for the detection of criminal groups engaged in radicalization, serious and organized crime and terrorism.
• Increased availability and security of access to the PNR.    
• Improved systematization and documentation of the project and files related to the deployment of the PNR system.

With the following expected impact:

• Reduction of information matching efforts in the face of terrorism and organized crime investigations.
• Increase of the internal security of the Schengen area.
• To have greater control over the system.
• Improved systematization and documentation of the PNR project. Both ISDEFE's own material activity, as well as its corporate purpose and technical means at its disposal, make it possible to achieve the objective of satisfying the above needs, through the preparation and delivery of documentation that guarantees the successful execution of projects related to the PNR system in the field of the fight against terrorism and organized crime.

The SAID system has been in operation since 1986 and allows the storage and matching of fingerprints of arrested persons with latent images collected at the scene of a crime.

The competent authorities share the same database and application for managing fingerprints. In the case of the Ertzaintza, it has its own SAID, which has been exchanging data with the Central SAID electronically since the beginning of 2015.

Fingerprints and related police information are exchanged with the rest of the EU countries under the European Union Council Decisions 2008/615/JHA and 2008/616/JHA of 6 August 2008 on cross-border cooperation (Prum Decisions). A collaboration agreement has also been signed with the USA.

The major advances in technology, together with changes in national and European regulations, as well as those expressed by end users, make corrective and evolutionary maintenance of the system necessary.

Its main objective is to provide fingerprint information in the field of criminal investigations, so that the system enables the fight against crime, organised crime and terrorism.

Apart from the use of the SAID to cover national law enforcement needs in the scenarios of common crime, terrorism and organised crime, it should be noted that it is not an isolated system in itself, but is connected to other international and European systems, enabling the exchange of fingerprints in the fields of INTERPOL, EUROPOL and EURODAC.

This system allows information to be shared and compared between the different systems of the European Union countries, as well as with the EURODAC system, making it possible to identify persons who have cases pending before the courts, which facilitates the prevention and fight against crime.

The expected results after the implementation of this project are:

• Improved and increased provision of equipment.
• Expansion of the capabilities of the automatic fingerprint identification system (SAID).

With the following expected impact:

• Reinforcement of the capabilities of the FCSE for the prevention and fight against organised crime and terrorism.

In July 2000, the SIRDEE network (Sistema Integral de Radiocomunicaciones Digitales de Emergencia del Estado) was launched with the aim of replacing and homogenising the old analogue networks of the National Police and the Guardia Civil, providing the FCSE with a common radio communication system.

With SIRDEE, the 091 and 062 rooms of the National Police and Guardia Civil respectively have been modernised, providing better communication systems, being an emergency management tool that reduces response time in emergency response. It has demonstrated its high availability in events where public communications networks have had overload problems preventing communication in many cases.

Currently, the SIRDEE Network is fully operational throughout the national territory, providing service to 71,810 terminals corresponding to the FCSE and Defence and 1,533 terminals of other users (Local Police, Civil Protection Services, Emergency Services...) that also use this network.

Due to technological evolution and possible attacks and cyber-attacks, the FCSE is obliged to periodically update this system.

The Integrated State Emergency Digital Radiocommunications System Service is an indispensable tool in the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking and organised crime, due to the great evolution of technologies and the large amount of resources made available by terrorist and organised crime groups.

The objective of the project focuses on the fight against organised crime and terrorist groups in order to ensure the security of the European Union, as well as:

• To enable the coordination and interoperability of the FCSE in emergency situations in Spanish territory.
• Promote the incorporation into the SIRDEE network of other bodies, forces and services with security responsibilities.
• Modernise the 091 and 062 rooms, of the National Police and Guardia Civil respectively, providing better communication systems and allowing for a reduction in emergency response time.

The expected results after the implementation of this project are:

• Improved detection of potential terrorist threats.
• Strengthened national capacity at administrative and operational level.

With the following expected impact:

• Maintenance of the SIRDEE network in the field of the fight against terrorism and organised crime, improving the capabilities of the network.

Due to the increased accessibility and use of different technologies, including those related to drones and, taking into account their potential for development, given the significant number of actions that can be carried out, and even more taking into account the use that can be made of them in breach of current legislation, the need arises to incorporate a Global System, at a National level, capable of detecting UAS/RPAS (Drones), which may represent a threat to citizen security, as it constitutes an essential element of the rule of law, as well as to guarantee the privacy and intimacy of individuals, as a fundamental right.

In this regard, the Ministry of the Interior, and more specifically the General Undersecretariat of Information and Communications Systems for Security (SGSICS), under the Secretariat of State for Security (SES), in July 2019, initiated PHASE 0 or Pilot Phase of the so-called "Global System against drones" (SIGLO-CD).

Currently, the SIGLO-CD System has 6 detector antennas and 7 jammers. All of them are controlled integrally from 11 headquarters located in the facilities of the Management Centres included in this information system.

After its initial implementation, during the second half of 2019, the objectives pursued for the SIGLO-CD Network/System are as follows:

• Phase I.- The aim is to complete and improve the functionality and equipment of the sites that were initially implemented, and
• Phase II.- Continue with the extension of the Network/System, throughout the three-year period: 2022-2024, until total anti-drone coverage of the most representative buildings and facilities in the national territory is achieved. In other words, to achieve the provision and implementation, in an integrated manner, of anti-drone systems that provide the necessary anti-drone security to the vast majority of centres and facilities managed by the Central State Administration that, at any time, could be vulnerable to a potential threat of drone attacks.

During the three-year period 2022-2024, we are confident that we will manage to implement artificial intelligence and Machine Learning techniques for the management of drone fleets and for the analysis of significant information on drone flights detected by the SIGLO-CD System.

The main objective of this project is to incorporate a global system for the remote detection, identification, tracking and monitoring of unmanned aircraft (drones) in the urban area of Madrid and, where appropriate, the neutralisation of these aircraft when they pose a threat to the buildings that house the highest State institutions.

The technology of the "SIGLO-CD System" allows drone detection, which is very useful for the Security Forces and Corps. This information generated by the detection devices is duly registered and accessible to the different police units. In this way, the processing and analysis work is facilitated, in order to carry out both strategic and operational prospection, and thus facilitate the work of protection for public safety, in terms of prevention and, where appropriate, reaction to this type of security risk.

Thanks to this project, the following benefits are obtained:

• Immediate detection of the vast majority of drones that intend to fly over or access any of the facilities where the main State institutions based in Madrid are located.
• It facilitates the recording of detections and the automatic generation of statistics based on the identification of the usual parameters, which act as filters.
• On the other hand, it also facilitates the identification of pilots and drones suspected of infringing and, if necessary, their immediate inhibition or neutralisation. All of this is carried out on the basis of regulated procedures and automatically recording, in the SIGLO-CD System database, the actions taken by the system operators, with a view to the possible issuing of reports of all kinds.
• Likewise, it allows for an adequate intelligent management of the drone fleets corresponding to the Management Bodies that interact with the SIGLO-CD System, avoiding confusing drones belonging to the Security Forces and Corps with drones presumed to be criminal.
• Finally, the registration and monitoring of the actions of the system's users is contemplated, as well as the roles assigned to the different groups of users. All of this allows for the efficient use of the system.

The expected results after the implementation of this project are:

• Immediate detection of drones considered a threat.
• Recording of detections and analysis of information.
• Intelligent management of the drone fleets of organisations working with the SIGLO-CD system.

With the following expected impact:

• Mitigate the real technological threat.

Due to the increased accessibility and use of different technologies, including those related to drones and, taking into account their potential for development, given the significant number of actions that can be carried out, and even more taking into account the use that can be made of them in breach of current legislation, the need arises to incorporate a Global System, at a National level, capable of detecting UAS/RPAS (Drones), which may represent a threat to citizen security, as it constitutes an essential element of the rule of law, as well as to guarantee the privacy and intimacy of individuals, as a fundamental right.

In this regard, the Ministry of the Interior, and more specifically the General Undersecretariat of Information and Communications Systems for Security (SGSICS), under the Secretariat of State for Security (SES), in July 2019, initiated PHASE 0 or Pilot Phase of the so-called "Global System against drones" (SIGLO-CD).

Currently, the SIGLO-CD System has 6 detector antennas and 7 jammers. All of them are controlled integrally from 11 headquarters located in the facilities of the Management Centres included in this information system.

After its initial implementation, during the second half of 2019, the objectives pursued for the SIGLO-CD Network/System are as follows:

• Phase I.- The aim is to complete and improve the functionality and equipment of the sites that were initially implemented, and
• Phase II.- Continue with the extension of the Network/System, throughout the three-year period: 2022-2024, until total anti-drone coverage of the most representative buildings and facilities in the national territory is achieved. In other words, to achieve the provision and implementation, in an integrated manner, of anti-drone systems that provide the necessary anti-drone security to the vast majority of centres and facilities managed by the Central State Administration that, at any time, could be vulnerable to a potential threat of drone attacks.

During the three-year period 2022-2024, we are confident that we will manage to implement artificial intelligence and Machine Learning techniques for the management of drone fleets and for the analysis of significant information on drone flights detected by the SIGLO-CD System.

The main objective of this project is to incorporate a global system for the remote detection, identification, tracking and monitoring of unmanned aircraft (drones) in the urban area of Madrid and, where appropriate, the neutralisation of these aircraft when they pose a threat to the buildings that house the highest State institutions.

The technology of the "SIGLO-CD System" allows drone detection, which is very useful for the Security Forces and Corps. This information generated by the detection devices is duly registered and accessible to the different police units. In this way, the processing and analysis work is facilitated, in order to carry out both strategic and operational prospection, and thus facilitate the work of protection for public safety, in terms of prevention and, where appropriate, reaction to this type of security risk.

Thanks to this project, the following benefits are obtained:

• Immediate detection of the vast majority of drones that intend to fly over or access any of the facilities where the main State institutions based in Madrid are located.
• It facilitates the recording of detections and the automatic generation of statistics based on the identification of the usual parameters, which act as filters.
• On the other hand, it also facilitates the identification of pilots and drones suspected of infringing and, if necessary, their immediate inhibition or neutralisation. All of this is carried out on the basis of regulated procedures and automatically recording, in the SIGLO-CD System database, the actions taken by the system operators, with a view to the possible issuing of reports of all kinds.
• Likewise, it allows for an adequate intelligent management of the drone fleets corresponding to the Management Bodies that interact with the SIGLO-CD System, avoiding confusing drones belonging to the Security Forces and Corps with drones presumed to be criminal.
• Finally, the registration and monitoring of the actions of the system's users is contemplated, as well as the roles assigned to the different groups of users. All of this allows for the efficient use of the system.

The expected results after the implementation of this project are:

• Immediate detection of drones considered a threat.
• Recording of detections and analysis of information.
• Intelligent management of the drone fleets of organisations working with the SIGLO-CD system.

With the following expected impact:

• Mitigate the real technological threat.
•  Improvement in the systematization and documentation of the SIGLO-CD project. Both ISDEFE's own material activity, as well as its corporate purpose and technical means at its disposal, make it possible to achieve the objective of satisfying the above needs, through the development and delivery of documentation to ensure the successful implementation of projects related to the SIGLO-CD system in the field of counter-terrorism and organized crime.